Can You Be Spiritual Without the Spirit?
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No matter what we think about spirituality, it’s illogical to say we are spiritual if we do not believe in the existence of spirit in one form or another. Spirit can be a supernatural being or a supernatural essence. It can also be a divine substance, a divine mind, or a personable God. And from a different perspective, spirit alludes to an alternate dimension—a non-material world—a unique phase of universe reality.
God is spirit.
– Jesus of Nazareth
So when we think about being spiritual, what are we actually thinking about? No doubt our ideas vary a lot, but to clarify some of our concepts and beliefs, it helps to look at two grand divisions in the way we view spirituality—the nonpersonal view and the personal view.
Those who believe in nonpersonal spirituality believe they can have a mental interaction with a nonpersonal, supernatural essence, while those who believe in personal spirituality assume they can have a personal relationship with a supernatural being, such as an angel or God.
Nonpersonal Spirituality
A belief in nonpersonal spirits or forces is a belief in the existence of spiritual things, energies, or events, but not necessarily spirit beings or persons. Generally, it assumes we can interact with these things or forces to some degree.
Such beliefs about a nonpersonal essence, a spiritual state of mind, or a supernatural force are prevalent in most religions and in many philosophies. Even people who claim to be non-religious or non-spiritual often entertain supernatural notions. Any belief in fate or luck, or any superstition such as knocking on wood or avoiding black cats, would fit this category, as would all attempts to predict the future by means of astrology or Tarot cards.
A belief in good luck implies that we are favored in life by unseen forces and that all outcomes result from supernatural favoritism rather than random chance or good planning. And of course, bad luck implies the opposite.
A belief in any form of magic, sorcery, or witchcraft assumes the existence of secret forces of nature or powers residing in nature that are believed to influence the course of life events. It also presumes that select individuals can control these powers and subsequent events through esoteric words, secret rituals, or magic formulas.
A belief in the supernatural power of charms, amulets, talismans, incantations, or rituals is similar in nature, as is any belief in the power of religious relics, artifacts, or symbols. Inherent in all these animistic beliefs is a conviction that some supernatural force or nonpersonal, spirit-like entity can, in some way, be compelled to act or intervene in our favor.
Such supernatural forces are often poorly defined in terms of their nature or attributes, but in nearly all cases, they are believed to act or take effect only after performing a prescribed ritual. For instance, a baseball player who touches the brim of his cap for luck, a stock trader who feels the need to recite some motivating mantra before the trading day begins, or a religious devotee who hopes to attract spiritual forces by reciting certain incantations in a specified order. For all such enthusiasts, their actions appeal to certain unseen forces that they believe will respond positively, but only if they perform the rituals correctly.
Many nonpersonal religious ideas infiltrate the arts and sciences. Science fiction and fantasy writers like to create supernatural powers that parallel real-life beliefs. One example is Jediism, a belief system derived from the Star Wars film series. It entertains supernatural notions about a power called “The Force,” which is perceived as an advantageous, unseen force for good. And becoming a Jedi Knight is a spiritual or enhancing experience in which one makes beneficial physical and mental contact.
Other so-called religions have no supernatural element, but instead reflect materialist ideologies founded on extreme rationalism. For example, transhumanism is the belief that humanity’s ultimate progress will depend on applied reason and advancing technologies, including the integration of man and machine. Some adherents prophesize that the final salvation of humanity rests with artificial intelligence, another nonpersonal reality.
Any attempt to invoke nonpersonal supernatural powers, no matter how selfish, materialistic, or rudimentary the motivation may be, constitutes an expression of spirituality on some level of experience. All these beliefs, whether they entertain magic, myth, or superstition, assume the existence of super-material values or supernatural powers and, therefore, they pave the way for more progressive concepts about the nature of the spiritual universe.
Way Beyond Magic
Some nonpersonal religious beliefs are quite advanced, reaching far beyond superstition and magic. Most of these take a more subjective approach, looking for something within oneself rather than supernatural forces entirely outside oneself. This is the main thrust of Indian philosophies and Buddhist beliefs.
There are many schools of Buddhist thought and a wide variety of practices, but in general, Buddhists seek an improved or altered state of mind or consciousness. It is believed this state can be achieved by accepting certain truths (as defined by Buddha) and by following certain practices.
Perhaps the best-known example is the concept of nirvana, which is said to be a transcendent mental state of enlightenment or emancipation. Some Buddhists see nirvana a little differently—viewing it as the psychological act of “blowing out” the fires of base emotions such as greed, lust, hatred, anger, and worldly desires.
Ways to achieve nirvana differ, but in the older tradition, it is attained by accepting the Four Noble Truths and following the practices outlined in the Noble Eightfold Path, such as right speech and right action. Other paths have become popular as well, and perhaps the best-known in Western Buddhism is the “Three Doors of Liberation,” especially as taught by Thich Nhat Hanh, a Buddhist monk and teacher. These three “doors” are also considered to be truths.
There is much about these truths to explore but, in a nutshell, the Four Noble Truths are: 1. All life is suffering, 2. All suffering is due to desire, 3. The cure is letting go of desire and, 4. To let go, we must walk the Eightfold Path.
And the truths of the Three Doors are: 1. Everything is connected, so there is no individual self, 2. Forms may change, but nothing is ever lost, and 3. There is no goal in life because you already have it all.
Similar in principle to nirvana but much older in origin is the Hindu notion of moksha, which also refers to a state of enlightenment or liberation, considered the ultimate goal of life. But rather than accepting certain truths, as in Buddhism, its followers believe that moksha can be achieved through knowledge of Atman, the Supreme Soul that gives birth to the true self.
Both nirvana and moksha are similar, deriving their root meanings and principles from Brahmanism. There are many interpretations of both, with much depending on the school of thought, but generally, they are attempts to achieve peace of mind through self-knowledge and the realization or understanding of certain cosmological concepts. And for both, the ultimate intention is to liberate oneself from a cycle of misery, suffering, ignorance, and fear.
Cosmic Unity
One significant difference in Hinduism is the idea that moksha is the realization, or perhaps the mental feat, of attaining union of the self (or soul) with the ultimate reality known as Brahman, the source of all reality. As stated in another post, achieving unity with the cosmos is a central mission of Brahmanism.
See New Thought Becomes New Age
The concept of cosmic unity is also shared in Zen Buddhism, a discipline that places particular emphasis on meditative states of mind said to bring us into mental contact with a nonpersonal, infinite intelligence or a higher state of consciousness.
Zen Buddhism was greatly influenced by the religious philosophy of Taoism (or Daoism), a school of thought attributed to the Chinese philosopher, Lao Tzu (or Laozi). One premise of this belief system is the existence of Tao—a term loosely translated as The Way or The Road.
But Tao is more than a road; it is also conceived as a primal, eternal, and vital Source that can guide human action, akin to the dharma of Hinduism or the will of God in Christianity.
As in many religious philosophies, Lao Tzu portrays the Supreme God, or Tao, as a pantheistic Deity. This is the notion that God is equivalent to the forces of the universe, if not being the physical universe itself.
But despite the rather materialist or animistic views associated with pantheism, Lao Tzu presents an advanced concept of Tao that is, in fact, a profound insight into the nature of God. He describes Tao existing “before Heaven and Earth,” and as the “Mother of all things” — “the mysterious Quality” that is the source, pattern, and substance of the entire universe.
The Tao produced One. One produced Two. Two produced Three. Three produced all things.
– Lao Tzu
When we strip away the cultural differences in ancient Chinese idioms and the forms of presentation found in the Tao Te Ching (supposedly authored by Lao Tzu), we discover that the concepts of Tao are remarkably similar to many Western ideas of God, even of the Trinity.
One objective of Zen Buddhism is to recognize that we are one with Tao. In this way, we put our minds into a state of intuitive contact with the essence of Tao, thereby achieving wisdom and enlightenment. This objective is similar to those of Christian mystics, which is to become one with God or, as the American theologian Bernard McGinn suggests, “to attain a consciousness of being in the transformative presence of God.”
Although Lao Tzu portrays Tao as the ultimate Source of all reality and all creation, he still sees this Source as a nonpersonal, if not nonspiritual, entity. Tao is viewed as an impersonal, yet potent, universal Source with which we can interact (or merge) to achieve wisdom and freedom from suffering. It is a nonpurposive but beneficial Force rather than a purposeful Spirit Personality that makes decisions and has a plan.
This brings up the question: Can we attribute consciousness, volition, or wisdom to an inanimate object? If so, then by extension, we are suggesting that rocks, planets, suns, and cosmic rays can be conscious, make decisions, and be wise.
Wisdom is defined as a personal ability to use knowledge and experience to make good decisions and judgments, and the only way Tao could impart wisdom to another personality is through shared consciousness. Therefore, the ability to give spiritual advice (wisdom) implies that Tao itself has personality and purpose.
Even if the universe as a whole is viewed as a greater form of life, it would have to be an intelligent, conscious, and wise entity capable of deciding to share its wisdom with others.
Apart from this shortcoming, Zen Buddhism touches on the God experience because the wisdom of God lives and acts within all of us, and we contact this Paradise Spirit (Tao) through our superconscious mental channels. There is also good reason to believe that the transcendent mental states of nirvana and moksha are analogous to this superconscious mode of spirit contact. Therefore, both pursuits prove to be effective approaches to the experience of God, but more so in practice than in philosophy.
Indeed, the divine spark within each of us is a powerful force and a reliable guide to virtue and wisdom, as Zen Buddhism suggests. It is a spirit with a direct connection to the Source of all Reality, Cosmic Mind, and the God of all Creation.
But if it really does guide human action, as Lao Tzu insists, it cannot be devoid of purpose or design. And if we allow for the volitional nature of Tao, then Tao represents a personal God in every way, whether as Infinite Mind, the Mother of the Universe, or the Creative Principle.
Personal Spirituality
A belief in personal spirits implies a belief in intelligent spiritual beings or spirit entities who are truly alive, can make decisions, and are aware of our life situations. It’s a belief in supernatural beings with whom we can have a personal relationship.
Whenever we attempt to communicate with spirit beings or forces, we implicitly assume they are personal. We talk to them because we believe they understand our problems, desires, and anxieties as well as our challenges in life. And we believe we will receive personal benefits through such contact, whether through divine providence or some contribution to our strength, courage, or faith.
Spirit is the fundamental reality of the personality experience of all creatures because God is spirit.
– The Urantia Book
Any meaningful human contact is personal. The very act of prayer (a spiritual petition) assumes the existence of superhuman agencies apart from the self-conscious individual. We appeal to these spirits because we believe they can, and will, assist the individual as well as society at large.
The oldest recorded instances of a belief in individual spirit beings or gods come from the Sumerian culture of ancient Mesopotamia (about 5,000 years ago), although archaeological evidence suggests these ideas extend much further back in time.
Every civilization and empire on earth entertained polytheistic beliefs at one time or another. The many gods of Egypt, China, Rome, Greece, and India were all seen as personal gods to whom devotees could make appeal—to beg or barter for prosperity, children, a good harvest, or victory over their enemies. And if the gods did not meet their demands, they would curse them for failing their expectations, as some still do today.
Even in traditional Eastern Buddhism, there are many divine beings, most of them adaptations of Hindu deities. These include gods of healing, protection, and truth, among others, all of which are anthropomorphic gods with human temperaments.
In almost every ancient society, gods were given human qualities. The authoritarian God depicted in the Old Testament was prone to wrath, jealousy, and revenge. People saw God in an entirely different way three thousand years ago, and it was difficult for the average person of that time, and perhaps for some at this time, to conceive of an all-perfect, all-loving, all-merciful, and non-human Creator God.
Personal gods were assigned to almost anything—crops, trees, weather, luck, love, and fertility. Even today, some of us are still inclined to animate material things, such as ships, cars, machinery, or weather, often endowing them with human traits such as love, anger, or happiness. We see this whenever people get frustrated with things or machines that do not “cooperate,” as if they had a mind of their own.
Any belief in spirits of the dead also fits under the umbrella of personal spirituality. In these belief systems, those who have died are thought to remain on earth within a spiritual dimension. Such notions can be traced back to early forms of ancestor worship or the veneration of the dead, both of which were popular practices in ancient Egypt and Rome and are still common in many parts of Asia.
In the West, similar beliefs and practices gained popularity in the late 19th century under the unfortunate rubric of spiritualism, a supernatural belief that remains popular in the 21st century. Like ancestor worship, spiritualists believe in the existence of spirits of the dead who can communicate with the living, thereby providing a source of esoteric knowledge and spiritual guidance.
In contrast to a belief in unseen spirit beings, others believe in the spiritual power of beings they can see, such as male or female priests, saints, preachers, prophets, gurus, and shamans, who are all thought to have the power to intervene on their behalf by contacting gods or metaphysical forces in the spiritual domains.
Until recent times, kings and queens were believed to be divine beings, descended from divine beings, or at least divinely ordained. This collective belief in the power of ordained religious and administrative authority is a universal concept found in almost every religion around the world, from the times of ancient Sumer to the modern era. While such notions are not so prevalent today, vestiges still exist, such as the Pope of Christianity, the Dalai Lama of Buddhism, the Aga Khan of Shia Islam, or the Gurus of Hinduism.
In most societies, dominant religious figures were believed to be the ultimate authorities on religious teachings, possessing special knowledge, esoteric wisdom, spiritual connections, or divine privileges in relation to a higher spiritual power and, therefore, could issue decrees or grant certain favors and absolutions to those who asked.
A New Revelation
Only in relatively recent times, particularly through the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, did people become aware that religion could be a personal spiritual experience rather than mere obedience to doctrine and ritual.
Jesus proclaimed a religion free of sacred relics, holy rituals, dead ancestors, and religious authorities. It was a simple, yet compelling, belief in an unobstructed, direct, and personal experience with the personable God of all creation. Indeed, he taught that the only requirement for a truly spiritual life was sincere faith in the goodness, wisdom, and fellowship of God; a belief so elementary and yet so forceful and dynamic that many followers in his day, and even today, could not grasp it.
Jesus taught that faith, simple childlike belief, is the key to the door of the kingdom.
– The Urantia Book
Regrettably, the freedom, simplicity, and spontaneity of spiritual expression that Jesus so ardently proclaimed were soon stifled under the rigid dogma and elaborate hierarchy of the Christian religion.
The original teachings of Siddhartha also embraced notions of spiritual freedom, though they differed in concept from those of Jesus. But here too, his followers submerged and formalized his ideas of spiritual liberty by creating a Buddhist priesthood and hierarchy. Only recently, with much credit to the present Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, do we see a return to the original freedom of spiritual expression that Siddhartha so strongly espoused.
The significant difference between Siddhartha’s ideas, which had more to do with freedom from suffering by attaining a state of selflessness, and those of Jesus, was that the God-led man of Nazareth taught that true spiritual liberty is achieved through individual loyalty, or dedication, to a personal, omnipotent God—one he portrayed as a wise, just, and loving Father of all creation.
When Jesus talked about “the living God,” he referred to a personal Deity—the Father in heaven.
– The Urantia Book
After the fall of Rome, in the Dark Ages of Christianity, it seemed as though Jesus’ ideas about spiritual liberty were forgotten. But his revolutionary ideas about the loving nature of a personal, friendly God could not be suppressed for long. And we see these ideas re-emerge with force in the Christianity of 14th-century Europe.
This trend came to a head in the 16th century with the teachings of Martin Luther, a German priest and an avid writer who, through the power of the printing press, led an intellectual rebellion against church corruption, hierarchy, and authority. His controversial theological views gave rise to the religious movement known as the Protestant Reformation.
One of Luther’s most shocking claims was that believers did not need priests or clergy to reach God, an idea that bypassed the authority and control of the church. Another was that salvation comes by faith alone rather than by acting out ostensible good deeds, as the church upheld. Predictably, the Pope of Rome and others saw Luther as a threat to their vested interests and had him excommunicated, even though many of his ideas fully agreed with Jesus’ teachings.
If we do not love God and his word, what difference does it make if we love anything at all?
– Martin Luther
No doubt, Luther had his faults. But his rejection of the intractable dogma and elaborate ritual of the church also agreed with Jesus’ teachings. Luther’s emancipating philosophy further evolved in Europe during the Age of Enlightenment despite the ongoing rebellion against church authority. And such liberating and powerful ideas about having an intimate, personal relationship with a loving Creator continue to evolve today, regardless of appearances to the contrary.
The culmination of Jesus’ ongoing revelation about personal religious experience was that making an intimate connection with a higher power is simply the act of sharing one’s inner life—all that we think, feel, and do—with the Divine Presence—the Spirit of God within us. In his approach, contact (communion) with God is a powerful, direct, spiritual, and personal relationship, one in which no lucky charms, doctrines, rituals, formal prayers, or priests are needed.
Man does not have to go farther than his own inner experience of the soul’s contemplation of this spiritual-reality presence to find God and attempt communion with him.
– The Urantia Book
